Table 5 Chi squared test for the difference in OI prevalence by geographical location
From: Frequency and distribution patterns of opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS in Uganda
Prevalence | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Tororo (Eastern Uganda) (n = 6534), n (%) | Mulago (Central Uganda) (n = 7243), n (%) | Mbarara (South-western Uganda) (n = 10,586), n (%) | ||
Before HAART (2001–2003) | ||||
Opportunistic infection | ||||
Geohelminths | 2671 (40.9) | 1406 (19.4) | 2378 (22.5) | <0.0001 |
Diarrhoea | 2817 (43.1) | 1780 (24.6) | 2862 (27.0) | <0.0001 |
Oral candida | 1531 (23.4) | 2345 (32.4) | 4560 (43.1) | <0.0001 |
Bacterial pneumonia | 858 (13.1) | 896 (12.4) | 983 (9.3) | <0.0001 |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 830 (12.7) | 875 (12.1) | 608 (5.7) | <0.0001 |
Genital ulcer | 508 (7.8) | 697 (9.6) | 658 (6.2) | <0.0001 |
Confirmed malaria | 1072 (16.4) | 826 (11.4) | 1771 (16.7) | <0.0001 |
Esoph candida | 261 (4.0) | 732 (10.1) | 1194 (11.3) | <0.0001 |
Herpes zoster | 388 (5.9) | 423 (5.8) | 618 (5.8) | 0.098 |
Cryptosporidiosis | 178 (2.7) | 283 (3.9) | 434 (4.1) | <0.0001 |
Cryptococcosis | 160 (2.4) | 145 (2.0) | 122 (1.2) | <0.0001 |
Others | 75 (1.1) | 204 (2.8) | 112 (1.1) | <0.0001 |
Opportunistic cancer | ||||
Kaposi’s sarcoma/HHV8 | 96 (1.5) | 61 (0.8) | 52 (0.5) | <0.0001 |
Prevalence | p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tororo (Eastern Uganda) (n = 16,207), n (%) | Mulago (Central Uganda) (n = 16,288), n (%) | Mbarara (South western Uganda) (n = 17,047), n (%) | Gulu (Northern Uganda) (n = 10,464), n (%) | ||
Early HAART (2004–2008) | |||||
Opportunistic infection | |||||
Geohelminths | 5825 (35.9) | 4363 (26.8) | 4925 (28.9) | 3950 (37.7) | <0.0001 |
Diarrhoea | 4503 (27.8) | 3261 (20.0) | 3431 (20.1) | 3848 (36.8) | <0.0001 |
Oral candida | 1966 (12.1) | 3632 (22.3) | 4097 (24.0) | 976 (9.3) | <0.0001 |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 2958 (18.2) | 3589 (22.1) | 1936 (11.4) | 2198 (21.0) | <0.0001 |
Bacterial pneumonia | 1301 (8.0) | 1627 (10.0) | 823 (4.8) | 829 (7.9) | <0.0001 |
Genital ulcer | 1373 (8.5) | 2046 (12.6) | 1474 (8.6) | 1229 (11.7) | <0.0001 |
Confirmed malaria | 893 (5.5) | 984 (6.0) | 611 (3.6) | 1105 (10.6) | <0.0001 |
Esoph candida | 969 (6.0) | 1744 (10.7) | 1714 (10.1) | 901 (8.6) | <0.0001 |
Herpes zoster | 1103 (6.8) | 1110 (6.8) | 970 (5.7) | 575 (5.5) | <0.0001 |
Cryptosporidiosis | 666 (4.1) | 467 (2.9) | 419 (2.5) | 483 (4.6) | <0.0001 |
Cryptococcosis | 238 (1.5) | 337 (2.1) | 197 (1.2) | 162 (1.5) | <0.0001 |
Others | 364 (2.2) | 647 (4.0) | 333 (2.0) | 455 (4.3) | <0.0001 |
Opportunistic cancer | |||||
Kaposi’s sarcoma/HHV8 | 209 (1.3) | 195 (1.2) | 128 (0.8) | 145 (1.4) | 0.003 |
Prevalence | p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tororo (Eastern Uganda) (n = 14,658), n (%) | Mulago (Central Uganda) (n = 17,977), n (%) | Mbarara (South western Uganda) (15,095), n (%) | Gulu (Northern Uganda) (n = 15,152), n (%) | ||
Late HAART (2009–2013) | |||||
Opportunistic infection | |||||
Geohelminths | 3270 (22.3) | 3373 (18.8) | 3169 (21.0) | 3991 (26.3) | <0.0001 |
Diarrhoea | 2786 (19.0) | 1949 (10.8) | 1653 (11.0) | 2585 (17.1) | <0.0001 |
Oral candida | 731 (5.0) | 1822 (10.1) | 1617 (10.7) | 339 (2.2) | <0.0001 |
Bacterial pneumonia | 1354 (9.2) | 1043 (5.8) | 641 (4.2) | 1310 (8.6) | <0.0001 |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 780 (5.3) | 1088 (6.1) | 436 (2.9) | 1286 (8.5) | <0.0001 |
Genital ulcer | 767 (5.2) | 1047 (5.8) | 1265 (8.4) | 704 (4.6) | <0.0001 |
Confirmed malaria | 769 (5.2) | 688 (3.8) | 365 (2.4) | 562 (3.7) | <0.0001 |
Esoph candida | 342 (2.3) | 640 (3.6) | 489 (3.2) | 286 (1.9) | <0.0001 |
Herpes zoster | 581 (4.0) | 739 (4.1) | 554 (3.7) | 396 (2.6) | <0.0001 |
Cryptosporidiosis | 219 (1.5) | 198 (1.1) | 140 (0.9) | 138 (0.9) | 0.011 |
Cryptococcosis | 198 (1.4) | 96 (0.5) | 56 (0.4) | 67 (0.4) | <0.0001 |
Others | 356 (2.4) | 351 (2.0) | 239 (1.6) | 203 (1.3) | <0.0001 |
Opportunistic cancer | |||||
Kaposi’s sarcoma/HHV8 | 116 (0.8) | 91 (0.5) | 58 (0.4) | 45 (0.3) | <0.0001 |