Shaw J, Sicree R, Zimmet P. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2010;87(1):4–14. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2009.10.007.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bos M, Agyemang C. Prevalence and complications of diabetes mellitus in Northern Africa, a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:387. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-387.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
MakkiAwouda FO, Elmukashfi TA, HagAl-Tom SA. Effects of health education of diabetic patient’s knowledge at Diabetic Health Centers, Khartoum State, Sudan: 2007–2010. Glob J Health Sci. 2014;6(2):221–6. doi:10.5539/gjhs.v6n2p221.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hassan M, Latif N, Yacoub M. Adipose tissue: friend or foe? Nat Rev Cardiol. 2012;9(12):689–702. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2012.148.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Holt RIG, Hanley NA. Essential endocrinology and diabetes. 6th ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012.
Google Scholar
Haslam DW, James WP. Obesity. Lancet. 2005;366(9492):1197–209. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67483-1.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, Thomson B, Graetz N, Margono C, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2014;384(9945):766–81. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mokdad AH, Jaber S, Aziz MI, AlBuhairan F, AlGhaithi A, AlHamad NM, et al. The state of health in the Arab world, 1990–2010: an analysis of the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors. Lancet. 2014;383(9914):309–20. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62189-3.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hraba-Renevey S, Turler H, Kress M, Salomon C, Weil R. SV40-induced expression of mouse gene 24p3 involves a post-transcriptional mechanism. Oncogene. 1989;4(5):601–8.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kjeldsen L, Johnsen AH, Sengelov H, Borregaard N. Isolation and primary structure of NGAL, a novel protein associated with human neutrophil gelatinase. J Biol Chem. 1993;268(14):10425–32.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yan Q-W, Yang Q, Mody N, Graham TE, Hsu C-H, Xu Z, et al. The adipokine lipocalin 2 is regulated by obesity and promotes insulin resistance. Diabetes. 2007;56(10):2533–40. doi:10.2337/db07-0007.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Law IKM, Xu A, Lam KSL, Berger T, Mak TW, Vanhoutte PM, et al. Lipocalin-2 deficiency attenuates insulin resistance associated with aging and obesity. Diabetes. 2010;59:872–82. http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/lookup/doi/10.2337/db09-1541.
Oberoi R, Bogalle EP, Matthes LA, Schuett H, Koch A-K, Grote K, et al. Lipocalin (LCN) 2 mediates pro-atherosclerotic processes and is elevated in patients with coronary artery disease. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0137924.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wu G, Li H, Zhou M, Fang Q, Bao Y, Xu A, et al. Mechanism and clinical evidence of lipocalin-2 and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein linking obesity and atherosclerosis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2014;30(6):447–56. doi:10.1002/dmrr.2493.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ni J, Ma X, Zhou M, Pan X, Tang J, Hao Y, et al. Serum lipocalin-2 levels positively correlate with coronary artery disease and metabolic syndrome. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2013;12:176. doi:10.1186/1475-2840-12-1761475-2840-12-176.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Xiao Y, Xu A, Hui X, Zhou P, Li X, Zhong H, et al. Circulating lipocalin-2 and retinol-binding protein 4 are associated with intima-media thickness and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(6):e66607. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066607.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mishra J, Ma Q, Prada A, Mitsnefes M, Zahedi K, Yang J, et al. Identification of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a novel early urinary biomarker for ischemic renal injury. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003;14(10):2534–43.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
de Carvalho JA, Tatsch E, Hausen BS, Bollick YS, Moretto MB, Duarte T, et al. Urinary kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as indicators of tubular damage in normoalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin Biochem. 2015. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.10.016.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ulijaszek SJ. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. J Biosoc Sci. 2003;35:624–5.
Article
Google Scholar
Karami A, Baradaran A. Comparative evaluation of three different methods for HbA(1c) measurement with High-performance liquid chromatography in diabetic patients. Adv Biomed Res. 2014;3.
Liebl A, Mata M, Eschwège E. Evaluation of risk factors for development of complications in Type II diabetes in Europe. Diabetologia. 2002;45:S23–8.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Peruzzu A, Solinas G, Asara Y, Forte G, Bocca B, Tolu F, et al. Association of trace elements with lipid profiles and glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in northern Sardinia, Italy: an observational study. Chemosphere. 2015;132:101–7. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.052.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Panidis D, Tziomalos K, Koiou E, Kandaraki EA, Tsourdi E, Delkos D, et al. The effects of obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome on serum lipocalin-2 levels: a cross-sectional study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2010;8:151. doi:10.1186/1477-7827-8-151.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wang Y, Lam KS, Kraegen EW, Sweeney G, Zhang J, Tso AW, et al. Lipocalin-2 is an inflammatory marker closely associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia in humans. Clin Chem. 2007;53(1):34–41. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2006.075614.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
El-Mesallamy HO, Hamdy NM, Sallam AA. Effect of obesity and glycemic control on serum lipocalins and insulin-like growth factor axis in type 2 diabetic patients. Acta Diabetol. 2013;50(5):679–85. doi:10.1007/s00592-012-0373-6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lee YH, Lee SH, Jung ES, Kim JS, Shim CY, Ko YG, et al. Visceral adiposity and the severity of coronary artery disease in middle-aged subjects with normal waist circumference and its relation with lipocalin-2 and MCP-1. Atherosclerosis. 2010;213(2):592–7. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.09.012.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mohammed ME, Fadlallah EMA, Mohamed AO. Prolonged hyperglycemia in diabetic patients, its effect on inducing dyslipidemia and increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. 2014;5(2):3964–969.
Wu G, Li H, Fang Q, Jiang S, Zhang L, Zhang J, et al. Elevated circulating lipocalin-2 levels independently predict incident cardiovascular events in men in a population-based cohort. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014;34(11):2457–64. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.303718.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar