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  1. The lack of a sufficient number of molecular markers seriously limits the cognition of genetic relationships within and between populations of many species. Likewise, the genetic diversity of domestic goose (Anse...

    Authors: Krzysztof Andres and Ewa Kapkowska
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:65
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  2. Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is the most frequent cause of genital ulcer disease worldwide and has been associated with increased risk for HIV-1 acquisition and transmission. We conducted a cross-sectio...

    Authors: Andrew Mujugira, Amalia S Magaret, Jared M Baeten, Connie Celum and Jairam Lingappa
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:64
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. This short communication focuses the on articular cartilage and the subchondral bone, both of which play important roles in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). There are indications that estrogen-deficienc...

    Authors: Anne C Bay-Jensen, Rasmus H Nielsen, Toni Segovia-Silvestre, Moïse Azria, Frank Staedtler, Martin Letzkus, Nicole Hartmann, Arndt H Brachat and Morten A Karsdal
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:63
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  4. Aboriginal people in Australia experience higher mortality from cancer compared with non-Aboriginal Australians, despite an overall lower incidence. A notable contributor to this disparity is that many Aborigi...

    Authors: Sandra C Thompson, Shaouli Shahid, Dawn Bessarab, Angela Durey and Patricia M Davidson
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:62
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  5. The H1N1 influenza pandemic had garnered a large amount of attention. Currently, the most effective preventive measure available is the H1N1 vaccine. We aimed to assess the willingness of our study participant...

    Authors: Gasmelseed Y Ahmed, Hanan H Balkhy, Saleh Bafaqeer, Badr Al-Jasir and Abdulhakeem Althaqafi
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:61
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  6. There has been increased interest in the study of molecular survival mechanisms expressed by foodborne pathogens present on food surfaces. Determining genomic responses of these pathogens to antimicrobials is ...

    Authors: Sujata A Sirsat, Arunachalam Muthaiyan and Steven C Ricke
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:60
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  7. Worldwide, the genus Haliotis is represented by 56 extant species and several of these are commercially cultured. Among the six abalone species found in South Africa, Haliotis midae is the only aquacultured speci...

    Authors: Paolo Franchini, Mathilde van der Merwe and Rouvay Roodt-Wilding
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:59
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. This article aims to update the existing systematic review evidence elicited by Mickenautsch et al. up to 18 January 2008 (published in the European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry in 2009) and addressing the ...

    Authors: Steffen Mickenautsch and Veerasamy Yengopal
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:58
    Content type: Correspondence Published on:

  9. High-throughput biological experiments can produce a large amount of data showing little overlap with current knowledge. This may be a problem when evaluating alternative scoring mechanisms for such data accor...

    Authors: Jean F Fontaine, Bernhard Suter and Miguel A Andrade-Navarro
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:57
    Content type: Technical Note Published on:

  10. Carcinoma of unknown primary tumors (CUP) is present in 0.5%-9% of all patients with malignant neoplasms; only 20%-27% of primary sites are identified before the patients die. Currently, 18F-fluorodeoxy-glucos...

    Authors: Jong Sun Park, Jae-Joon Yim, Won Jun Kang, June-Key Chung, Chul-Gyu Yoo, Young Whan Kim, Sung Koo Han, Young-Soo Shim and Sang-Min Lee
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:56
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  12. The discovery of patterns in DNA, RNA, and protein sequences has led to the solution of many vital biological problems. For instance, the identification of patterns in nucleic acid sequences has resulted in th...

    Authors: Sanguthevar Rajasekaran and Hieu Dinh
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:54
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Prediction of the location of culprit lesions responsible for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions may allow for prevention of these events. A retrospective analysis of coronary artery motion (CAM) was ...

    Authors: Aiden JC O'Loughlin, Karen Byth, John K French, David AB Richards, Annemarie Hennessy, A Robert Denniss and Pramesh Kovoor
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:51
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  16. Flow cytometry is a widely used analytical technique for examining microscopic particles, such as cells. The Flow Cytometry Standard (FCS) was developed in 1984 for storing flow data and it is supported by all...

    Authors: Josef Spidlen, Parisa Shooshtari, Tobias R Kollmann and Ryan R Brinkman
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:50
    Content type: Data Note Published on:

  17. Since the discovery of the "living fossil" in 1938, the coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) has generally been considered to be the closest living relative of the land vertebrates, and this is still the prevailing o...

    Authors: Yunfeng Shan and Robin Gras
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:49
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  18. Facilities that provide a service for DNA sequencing typically support large numbers of users and experiment types. The cost of services is often reduced by the use of liquid handling robots but the efficiency...

    Authors: Peter V Troshin, Vincent LG Postis, Denise Ashworth, Stephen A Baldwin, Michael J McPherson and Geoffrey J Barton
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:48
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Itch is a prominent feature of many skin diseases, particularly atopic dermatitis and cutaneous mastocytosis. Sodium cromoglicate (SCG), a chromone developed for the treatment of allergic disease has been show...

    Authors: Alan M Edwards, Michael T Stevens and Martin K Church
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:47
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Choke, caused by the endophytic fungus Epichloë typhina, is an important disease affecting orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) seed production in the Willamette Valley. Little is known concerning the conditions ...

    Authors: James E Dombrowski, James C Baldwin, Steve C Alderman and Ruth C Martin
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:46
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  21. The implementation of a comprehensive public health response to hepatitis B in Australia is urgently required to reduce the increasing burden of hepatitis B infection on the health system and the community. A ...

    Authors: Jack Wallace, Stephen McNally, Jacqui Richmond, Behzad Hajarizadeh and Marian Pitts
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:45
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  22. Sulfonamide resistance is conferred by the sul I gene found on many Enterobacteriaceae R plasmids and Tn21 type transposons. The sul I gene encodes a sulfonamide insensitive dihydropteroate synthase enzyme requir...

    Authors: James G Thomson, Meridith Cook, Mara Guttman, Jamison Smith and Roger Thilmony
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:44
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  24. The use of newer azoles as prophylaxis in hematological patients undergoing stem cell transplantation or immunosuppressive chemotherapy has been shown to decrease the risk of developing invasive fungal disease...

    Authors: Siok-Ying Lee, Chay-Leng Yeo, Winnie H Lee, Andrea L Kwa, Liang-Piu Koh and Li-Yang Hsu
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:42
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  25. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) medication and surgical fundoplication are used for the control of gastro-oesophageal reflux in patients with Barrett's oesophagus, but differ in their effectiveness for both acid a...

    Authors: Sebastien Haiart, David I Watson, Mary P Leong, David Astill, Tim Bright and Damian J Hussey
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:41
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  26. Endothelial adhesion molecules ICAM-1 (CD54) and VCAM-1 (CD106) mediate cellular adhesion and transcellular migration. Cell adhesion and diapedesis have a key role in the course of shock and sepsis. During sev...

    Authors: Heiner Ruschulte, Dirk Scheinichen, Martijn van Griensven, Susanne Weyrauch, Wibke Liefing, Birgitt Harrmeijer, Michael Przemeck and Björn Jüttner
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:40
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Risk prediction for CVD events has been shown to vary according to current smoking status, pack-years smoked over a lifetime, time since quitting and age at quitting. The latter two are closely and inversely r...

    Authors: Haider R Mannan, Christopher E Stevenson, Anna Peeters, Helen L Walls and John J McNeil
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:39
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  29. It was recently postulated that a few individual grey cattle still found in Estonia might be a relict of the old native cattle stock. Genotypes at 17 microsatellite loci from a total of 243 cattle from North E...

    Authors: Meng-Hua Li, Juha Kantanen, Annika Michelson and Urmas Saarma
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:37
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  30. The dog is frequently used as a model for hematologic human diseases. In this study the suitability of nine potential reference genes for quantitative RT-PCR studies in canine whole blood was investigated.

    Authors: Christine J Piek, Bas Brinkhof, Jan Rothuizen, Aldo Dekker and Louis C Penning
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:36
    Content type: Technical Note Published on:

  31. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is significant health problem, as it can lead to chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatic carcinoma. Due to shared routes of transmission, HBV and human immunodeficienc...

    Authors: Asfaw Negero, Zufan Sisay and Girmay Medhin
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:35
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  32. A strong association between stress resistance and longevity in multicellular organisms has been established as many mutations that extend lifespan also show increased resistance to stress. AAK-2, the C. elegans ...

    Authors: Heesun Shin, Hyojin Lee, Anthony P Fejes, David L Baillie, Hyeon-Sook Koo and Steven JM Jones
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:34
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  33. Reports from urban medical centers suggest that methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become the most common cause of skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs). Risk factors for MRSA have been iden...

    Authors: Charles Weiss, Peggy Kaminsky, John Boggs and Catherine Ley
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:33
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  35. The guppy (Poecilia reticulata) is an important model organism for studying sexual selection; male guppies have complex and conspicuous pigmentation, and female guppies exhibit preferences for males with specific...

    Authors: Ayumi Tezuka, Hiroaki Yamamoto, Jun Yokoyama, Cock van Oosterhout and Masakado Kawata
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:31
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  36. Intimin is an important virulence factor involved in the pathogenesis of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). Both pathogens are still important causes of diarrh...

    Authors: Márcio A Menezes, Karina A Aires, Christiane Y Ozaki, Renato M Ruiz, Milton CA Pereira, Patrícia AE Abreu, Waldir P Elias, Oscar HP Ramos and Roxane MF Piazza
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:30
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Overweight and obesity are established risk factors for insulin resistance in youth. A number of behavioral recommendations have been publicized with the goal of improving glycemic control. However, there is l...

    Authors: Jeannie S Huang, Michael Gottschalk, Gregory J Norman, Karen J Calfas, James F Sallis and Kevin Patrick
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:29
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  38. Approximately 5-10% of persons infected with M. tuberculosis develop tuberculosis, but the factors associated with disease progression are incompletely understood. Both linkage and association studies have identi...

    Authors: Noffisat O Oki, Alison A Motsinger-Reif, Paulo RZ Antas, Shawn Levy, Steven M Holland and Timothy R Sterling
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:28
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  40. Microsatellites, also called Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs), repetitions of nucleotide motifs of 1-5 bases, are currently the markers of choice due to their abundant distribution in the genomes, and suitabilit...

    Authors: Satya S Narina, Christian A d'Orgeix and Brian L Sayre
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:26
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  41. Insulin resistance (IR) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is an easily detectable skin condition that is strongly associated with IR. The aims of this stud...

    Authors: Anuradha S Dassanayake, Anuradhani Kasturiratne, Madunil A Niriella, Udaya Kalubovila, Shaman Rajindrajith, Arjuna P de Silva, Norihiro Kato, A Rajitha Wickremasinghe and H Janaka de Silva
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:25
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  42. Langerhans cells constitute a special subset of immature dendritic cells localized in the epidermis that play a key role in the skin's immune response. The production of cytokines is a key event in both the in...

    Authors: Simone R Campelo, Moises B da Silva, José LF Vieira, Jorge P da Silva and Claudio G Salgado
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:24
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  43. To assess a pulmonary function change over time the mass flow sensor and the pneumotachograph are widely used in commercially available instruments. However, the smallest detectable change for both devices has...

    Authors: Herman Groepenhoff, Caroline B Terwee, Patrick MC Jak and Anton Vonk-Noordegraaf
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:23
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  44. This article constitutes a partial update of the original systematic review evidence by Yengopal et al. from 15 January 2008 (published in the Journal of Oral Science in 2009) with primary focus on research qu...

    Authors: Steffen Mickenautsch and Veerasamy Yengopal
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:22
    Content type: Correspondence Published on:

  45. We developed a new version of the open source software package Peptrix that can yet compare large numbers of Orbitrapâ„¢ LC-MS data. The peptide profiling results for Peptrix on MS1 spectra were compared with th...

    Authors: Mark K Titulaer, Dominique de Costa, Christoph Stingl, Lennard J Dekker, Peter AE Sillevis Smitt and Theo M Luider
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:21
    Content type: Technical Note Published on:

  49. A recent analysis of protein sequences deposited in the NCBI RefSeq database indicates that ~8.5 million protein sequences are encoded in prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, where ~30% are explicitly annotated...

    Authors: Robert Powers, Jennifer C Copeland, Jaime L Stark, Adam Caprez, Ashu Guru and David Swanson
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2011 4:17
    Content type: Technical Note Published on:
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