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  1. The isolation of intact RNA can be very difficult when tissues are used that contain many RNAses or that are hard to homogenize, e.g. cartilage samples. Additionally, cartilaginous tissues are characterized by...

    Authors: Anke Ruettger, Steffi Neumann, Bernd Wiederanders and René Huber
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2010 3:7
  2. Studies on the epidemiology of African Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT) rarely consider the spatial dimension of disease prevalence. This problem is confounded by use of parasitological diagnostic methods of low s...

    Authors: Samuel M Thumbi, Joseph O Jung'a, Reuben O Mosi and Francis A McOdimba
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2010 3:6
  3. The regulatory mechanisms of the expression of connective tissue growth factor/CCN family member 2 (CTGF/CCN2) in human articular chondrocytes have not been clarified. We investigated the effect of prostagland...

    Authors: Kayo Masuko, Minako Murata, Kazuo Yudoh, Hiroyuki Shimizu, Moroe Beppu, Hiroshi Nakamura and Tomohiro Kato
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2010 3:5
  4. The extracellular deposition of aggregated amyloid β-protein is a neuropathological manifestation of Alzheimer disease and Down syndrome. The Amyloid β-protein is derived from a group of larger differentially ...

    Authors: Alexander A Vostrov, Michael J Taheny, Nerik Izkhakov and Wolfgang W Quitschke
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2010 3:4
  5. Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have substantially increased the sequence output while the costs were dramatically reduced. In addition to the use in whole genome sequencing, the 454 GS-FLX platf...

    Authors: Ram Vinay Pandey, Viola Nolte and Christian Schlötterer
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2010 3:3
  6. Delayed maternal reporting of decreased fetal movement (DFM) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Inconsistent information on fetal activity to women during the antenatal period may result in delayed...

    Authors: Eli Saastad, Julie Victoria Holm Tveit, Vicki Flenady, Babill Stray-Pedersen, Ruth C Fretts, Per E Børdahl and J Frederik Frøen
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2010 3:2
  7. Species identification and antifungal susceptibility tests were carried out on 212 Candida isolates obtained from bloodstream infections, urinary tract infections and dialysis-associated peritonitis, from cases a...

    Authors: Ariane Bruder-Nascimento, Carlos Henrique Camargo, Maria Fátima Sugizaki, Terue Sadatsune, Augusto Cezar Montelli, Alessandro Lia Mondelli and Eduardo Bagagli
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2010 3:1
  8. To determine the ocular changes related to hypothyrodism in newly diagnosed patients without orbitopathy.

    Authors: Banu T Ozturk, Hurkan Kerimoglu, Oguz Dikbas, Hamiyet Pekel and Mustafa S Gonen
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:266
  9. Continuing medical education (CME) is an integral part of continuing professional development and a prerequisite for good quality in health care. We aimed to describe and analyse the number of days spent in fo...

    Authors: Arja Helin-Salmivaara, Mira Kajantie, Jukka Vänskä, Hannu Halila, Taina Autti, Juha P Turunen and Amos Pasternack
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:265
  10. Reference genes are used as internal standards to normalize mRNA abundance in quantitative real-time PCR and thereby allow a direct comparison between samples. So far most of these expression studies used huma...

    Authors: Jan Axtner and Simone Sommer
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:264
  11. "Examinations drive students' learning." This statement refers to what is assumed to be one of the strongest relationships in education. We explored in this research how and why students differ in their approa...

    Authors: Hanan MF Al Kadri, Mohamed S Al-Moamary and Cees van der Vleuten
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:263
  12. Bacteria that belong to the genus Sphingobacterium are Gram-negative, non-fermentative bacilli, ubiquitous in nature and rarely involved in human infections. The aims of this study were to evaluate the epidemiolo...

    Authors: Antonietta Lambiase, Fabio Rossano, Mariassunta Del Pezzo, Valeria Raia, Angela Sepe, Fabiola de Gregorio and Maria Rosaria Catania
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:262
  13. Bovine brucellosis caused by Brucella abortus is endemic in most large commercial and smallholder cattle farms of Zimbabwe, while brucellosis in other domestic animals is rare. The diagnosis of brucellosis is mai...

    Authors: Gift Matope, Evison Bhebhe, John Bwalya Muma, Eystein Skjerve and Berit Djønne
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:261
  14. Population-based association studies are used to identify common susceptibility variants for complex genetic traits. These studies are susceptible to confounding from unknown population substructure. Here we a...

    Authors: Jesse B Mez, John W Cole, Timothy D Howard, Leah R MacClellan, Oscar C Stine, Jeffery R O'Connell, Marcella A Wozniak, Barney J Stern, John D Sorkin, Braxton D Mitchell and Steven J Kittner
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:260
  15. Progressive loss of articular cartilage is a central hallmark in many joint disease, however, the relative importance of individual proteolytic pathways leading to cartilage erosion is at present unknown. We t...

    Authors: Bijue Wang, Pingping Chen, Anne-Christine Bay Jensen, Morten A Karsdal, Suzi H Madsen, Bodil-Cecilie Sondergaard, Qinlong Zheng and Per Qvist
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:259
  16. The economic importance of cereals such as barley, and the demand for improved yield and quality require a better understanding of the genetic components that modulate biologically and commercially relevant tr...

    Authors: Sven Gottwald, Petra Bauer, Takao Komatsuda, Udda Lundqvist and Nils Stein
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:258
  17. Inference of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) requires accurate data, a method to simulate the expression patterns and an efficient optimization algorithm to estimate the unknown parameters. Using this approach...

    Authors: Yves Fomekong-Nanfack, Marten Postma and Jaap A Kaandorp
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:256
  18. The Cantabrian Coast horse breeds of the Iberian Peninsula have mainly black or bay colored coats, but alleles responsible for a chestnut coat color run in these breeds and occasionally, chestnut horses are bo...

    Authors: Fernando Rendo, Mikel Iriondo, Carmen Manzano and Andone Estonba
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:255
  19. The basis for understanding the characteristics of gene functional categories in chicken has been enhanced by the ongoing sequencing of the zebra finch genome, the second bird species to be extensively sequenc...

    Authors: Tim Downing, Paul Cormican, Cliona O'Farrelly, Daniel G Bradley and Andrew T Lloyd
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:254
  20. Psychosocial support services are an important component of modern cancer treatment. A major challenge for all psychosocial services is the achievement of equity of use. Previous studies in the UK have found t...

    Authors: Donald M Sharp, Mary B Walker, Julie S Bateman, Fiona Braid, Claire Hebblewhite, Teresa Hope, Michael Lines, Andrew A Walker and Leslie G Walker
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:253
  21. Medical students at the University of the West Indies receive clinical training by passing through a series of hospital rotations at the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI). Many of these patients ar...

    Authors: Alan T Barnett, Shamir O Cawich, Ivor W Crandon, John F Lindo, Georgiana Gordon-Strachan, Diaqa Robinson and Deonne Ranglin
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:252
  22. Ubiquitination plays a critical role in regulating many cellular processes, from DNA repair and gene transcription to cell cycle and apoptosis. It is catalyzed by a specific enzymatic cascade ultimately leadin...

    Authors: Insaf A Qureshi, Francois Ferron, Cheah Chen Seh, Peter Cheung and Julien Lescar
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:251
  23. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) has become a very popular technique to study epigenetic regulation because it can be used to identify proteins and protein modifications present at specific locations in ch...

    Authors: Lata Balakrishnan and Barry Milavetz
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:250
  24. Nucleic acid detection based on ligation reaction or single nucleotide extension of ssDNA probes followed by tag microarray hybridization provides an accurate and sensitive detection tool for various diagnosti...

    Authors: Jarmo Ritari, Lars Paulin, Jenni Hultman and Petri Auvinen
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:249
  25. To conduct phylogeographic or population genetic studies, an adequate number of DNA markers for the focal species are required. Due to severe unavailability of genotype markers of any kind for the species Eura...

    Authors: Johannes Holmen, Leif A Vøllestad, Kjetill S Jakobsen and Craig R Primmer
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:248
  26. Application of reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction is very well suited to reveal differences in gene expression between in vivo and in vitro produced embryos. Ultimately, this m...

    Authors: Katrien Smits, Karen Goossens, Ann Van Soom, Jan Govaere, Maarten Hoogewijs, Emilie Vanhaesebrouck, Cesare Galli, Silvia Colleoni, Jo Vandesompele and Luc Peelman
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:246
  27. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) promoter polymorphisms at positions -597(G→A), -572(G→C) and -174(G→C) were shown to have a clinical impact on different major diseases. At present PCR-SSP protocols for IL-6 -597/-572/-174ha...

    Authors: Michael Müller-Steinhardt, Friederike Schulte, Harald Klüter and Peter Bugert
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:245
  28. The first step in routine microbiology laboratory procedures is the collection and safe transportation of swab samples. This can be accomplished using ESwab Collection and Transport System (Copan Italia, Bresc...

    Authors: Carla Fontana, Marco Favaro, Dolores Limongi, Jana Pivonkova and Cartesio Favalli
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:244
  29. Medical emigration from developing to developed countries is a well established phenomenon of substantial importance. Though Libya is classified as an upper-middle income country, it has been affected by this ...

    Authors: Hani TS Benamer, Amin Bredan and Omran Bakoush
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:242
  30. Bufonidae are a large family of toads with a subcosmopolitan distribution. Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses have revealed a radiation of toads (Adenominae) with distinct adult and larval ecomorphs on the...

    Authors: SD Biju, Ines Van Bocxlaer, Varad B Giri, Simon P Loader and Franky Bossuyt
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:241
  31. Network and clustering analyses of microarray co-expression correlation data often require application of a threshold to discard small correlations, thus reducing computational demands and decreasing the numbe...

    Authors: Bhavesh R Borate, Elissa J Chesler, Michael A Langston, Arnold M Saxton and Brynn H Voy
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:240
  32. The worldwide expanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis W-Beijing family is associated with treatment failure and relapse. Its identification currently relies on spoligotyping and conventional sequencing. We developed...

    Authors: Zoheira Djelouadji, Mireille Henry, Amine Bachtarzi, Nadège Foselle, Didier Raoult and Michel Drancourt
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:239
  33. Cervical cancer is one of the most important cancers in African women. Polymorphisms in the Fas (FasR) and Fas ligand (FasL) genes have been reported to be associated with cervical cancer in certain population...

    Authors: Koushik Chatterjee, Malin Engelmark, Ulf Gyllensten, Collet Dandara, Lize van der Merwe, Ushma Galal, Margaret Hoffman and Anna-Lise Williamson
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:238
  34. Thyroid function changes during pregnancy and maternal thyroid dysfunction have been associated with adverse outcomes. Our aim was to evaluate thyroid hormones levels in pregnant women resident in Aragon, Spain.

    Authors: Julia Pilar Bocos-Terraz, Silvia Izquierdo-Álvarez, Jose Luís Bancalero-Flores, Rosa Álvarez-Lahuerta, Ana Aznar-Sauca, Elisabet Real-López, Raquel Ibáñez-Marco, Virgilio Bocanegra-García and Gildardo Rivera-Sánchez
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:237
  35. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is a widely utilized method for gene-expression analysis. However, insufficient material often compromises large-scale gene-expression studies. The aim of this...

    Authors: Joëlle Vermeulen, Stefaan Derveaux, Steve Lefever, Els De Smet, Katleen De Preter, Nurten Yigit, Anne De Paepe, Filip Pattyn, Frank Speleman and Jo Vandesompele
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:235
  36. Recent evidence suggests erythropoietin (EPO) and the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) may play a direct role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Better characterization of the EPO-EPOR signaling system in...

    Authors: Shaival S Shah, Stephen H Tsang and Vinit B Mahajan
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:234
  37. Paratuberculosis vaccination has been in use in some regions for many decades, but results have not been widely spread. A new Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) killed vaccine was studied in relati...

    Authors: Ramon A Juste, Marta Alonso-Hearn, Elena Molina, Marivi Geijo, Patricia Vazquez, Iker A Sevilla and Joseba M Garrido
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:233
  38. Traumatic perforation of the tympanic membrane may be due to direct or indirect source. The aim of the study is to profile the various aetiologies of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation in Ilorin, north ce...

    Authors: Olushola A Afolabi, Shuaib K Aremu, Biodun S Alabi and S Segun-Busari
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:232
  39. The zebrafish, Danio rerio, possesses the paralogous genes aplnra and aplnrb that are duplicates of an ancestral orthologue of the human APLNR gene encoding a G-protein coupled receptor that binds the peptide lig...

    Authors: Svanhild Nornes, Ben Tucker and Michael Lardelli
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:231
  40. We used Global Positioning System (GPS) data from radiocollared pumas (Puma concolor) to identify kill sites of pumas preying upon an endangered population of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in southern Californi...

    Authors: Sean M Clemenza, Esther S Rubin, Christine K Johnson, Randall A Botta and Walter M Boyce
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:230
  41. The fibroblast-populated 3D collagen matrix is a model of tissue and healing which has been used since the 1980's. It was hypothesized that anchorage disruption of the collagen matrix would produce p53-depende...

    Authors: Mark A Carlson, Amy K Prall, Jeremiah J Gums, Alex Lesiak and Valerie K Shostrom
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:229
  42. Several pathogens that cause important zoonotic diseases have been frequently associated with armadillos and other xenarthrans. This mammal group typically has evolved on the South American continent and many ...

    Authors: Virgínia B Richini-Pereira, Sandra MG Bosco, Raquel C Theodoro, Lígia Barrozo, Silvia CB Pedrini, Patrícia S Rosa and Eduardo Bagagli
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:228
  43. The shikimate pathway is an attractive target for the development of antitubercular agents because it is essential in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, but absent in humans. M. tube...

    Authors: Valnês S Rodrigues Junior, Ardala Breda, Diógenes S Santos and Luiz A Basso
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2009 2:227

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