Bhandari GP, Angdembe MR, Dhimal M, Neupane S, Bhusal C. State of non-communicable diseases in Nepal. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:23.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults. Executive summary of the third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult treatment panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486–97.
Article
Google Scholar
Juutilainen A, Lehto S, Rönnemaa T, Pyörälä K, Laakso M. Type 2 diabetes as a “coronary heart disease equivalent”: an 18-year prospective population-based study in Finnish subjects. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:2901–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mooradian AD. Cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus: current management guidelines. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:33–40.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Krauss RM. Lipids and lipoproteins in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:1496–504.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reaven GM, Chen YD, Jeppesen J, Maheux P, Krauss RM. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in individuals with small, dense low density lipoprotein particles. J Clin Invest. 1993;92:141–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Garvey WT, Kwon S, Zheng D, Shaughnessy S, Wallace P, Hutto A, Pugh K, Jenkins AJ, Klein RL, Liao Y. Effects of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes on lipoprotein subclass particle size and concentration determined by nuclear magnetic resonance. Diabetes. 2003;52:453–62.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Taskinen MR. Diabetic dyslipidaemia: from basic research to clinical practice. Diabetologia. 2003;46:733–49.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mooradian AD. Dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2009;5:150–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Eliasson B, Cederholm J, Eeg-Olofsson K, Svensson AM, Zethelius B, Gudbjörnsdottir S, National Diabetes Register. Clinical usefulness of different lipid measures for prediction of coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2011;34:2095–100.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Betteridge DJ. Lipid control in patients with diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2011;8:278–90.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pokharel DR, Khadka D, Sigdel M, Yadav NK, Acharya S, Kafle RC, Shukla PS. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Nepalese type 2 diabetic patients according to WHO, NCEP ATP III, IDF and Harmonized criteria. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2014;13:104.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC). Prevalence of non-communicable diseases in Nepal-Hospital based study. A study report published by NHRC, Ram Shah Path, Kathmandu, Nepal, December, 2010.
Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972;18:499–502.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hwang Y-C, Ahn H-Y, Lee WJ, Park C-Y, Park SW. An equation to estimate the concentration of serum apolipoprotein B. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e51607. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051607.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Definition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and intermediate hyperglycemia: Report of a WHO/IDF Consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2006. p. 39.
Google Scholar
Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, Jones DW, Materson BJ, Oparil S, Wright JT Jr, Roccella EJ, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure, National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. The Seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA. 2003;289:2560–72.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
WHO Expert Consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet. 2004;363:157–63.
Article
Google Scholar
Taskinen M-R. Pathogenesis of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2001;109:173–81.
Article
Google Scholar
Pandeya A, Sharma M, Regmi P, Basukala A, Lamsal M. Pattern of dyslipidemia and evaluation of non-HDL cholesterol as a marker of risk factor for cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nepal Med Coll J. 2012;14:278–82.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cook CB, Erdman DM, Ryan GJ, Greenlund KJ, Giles WH, Gallina DL, El-Kebbi IM, Ziemer DC, Ernst KL, Dunbar VG, Phillips LS. The pattern of dyslipidemia among urban African–Americans with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2000;23:319–24.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aljabri KS, Bokhari SA, Akl A. The relation between overweight, obesity and plasma lipids in Saudi adults with type 2 diabetes. J Health Spec. 2016;4:140–5.
Article
Google Scholar
Chang JB, Chu NF, Syu JT, Hsieh AT, Hung YR. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in relation to atherosclerotic lipid profiles in middle-aged and elderly diabetic patients. Lipids Health Disease. 2011;10:228.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Ali F, Jamil H, Anwar SS, Wajid N. Characterization of lipid parameters in diabetic and non-diabetic atherosclerotic patients. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2015;12:37–43.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wilson PWF, Anderson KM, Harris T, Kannel WB, Castelli WP. Determinants of change in total cholesterol and HDLC with age: the Framingham study. J Gerontol. 1994;49:M252–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ferrara A, Barrett-Connor E, Shan J. Total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol decrease with age in older men and women. The Rancho Bernardo Study 1984–1994. Circulation. 1997;96:37–43.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Heiss G, Tamir I, Davis CE, Tyroler HA, Rifkind BM, Schonfeld G, Jacobs D, Frantz ID. Lipoprotein-cholesterol distributions in selected North American populations: the Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study. Circulation. 1980;61:302–15.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ericsson S, Eriksson M, Vitols S, Einarsson K, Berglund L, Angelin B. Influence of age on the metabolism of plasma low density lipoproteins in healthy males. J Clin Invest. 1991;87:591–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Millar JS, Lichtenstein AH, Cuchel M, Dolnikowski GG, Hachey DL, Cohn JS, Schaefer EJ. Impact of age on the metabolism of VLDL, IDL, and LDL apolipoprotein B-100 in men. J Lipid Res. 1995;36:1155–67.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stevenson JC, Crook D. Gods land IF. Influence of age and menopause on serum lipids and lipoproteins in healthy women. Atherosclerosis. 1993;98:83–90.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Walter M. Interrelationships among HDL Metabolism, aging and atherosclerosis. Arterioscleroses Thrombi Vass Boil. 2009;29:1244–50.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kimm H, Lee SW, Lee HS, Shim KW, Cho CY, Yun JE, Jee SH. Associations between lipid measures and metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and adiponectin–usefulness of lipid ratios in Korean men and women. Circ J. 2010;2010(74):931–7.
Article
Google Scholar
Regmi P, Gyawali P, Shrestha R, Sigdel M, Mehta KD, Majhi S. Pattern of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic subjects in Eastern Nepal. J Nepal Assoc Med Lab Sci. 2009;10:11–3.
Google Scholar
Shrewastwa MK, Thanpari C, Yadav NK, Mittal RK, Rohil V. Dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in western of Nepal: a hospital based study. Bali Med J. 2013;2:46–50.
Google Scholar
Karim MN, Ahmed KR, Bukht MS, Akter J, Chowdhury HA, Hossain S, Anwar N, Selim S, Chowdhury SH, Hossain F, Ali L. Pattern and predictors of dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2013;7:95–100.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jayarama N, Reddy M, Lakshmaiah V. Prevalence and pattern of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a rural tertiary care centre, southern India. Glob J Med Public Health. 2012;1:24–7.
Google Scholar
Rowe JW, Minaker KL, Pallotta JA, Flier JS. Characterization of the insulin resistance of aging. J Clin Invest. 1983;7:1581–7.
Article
Google Scholar
Gepner AD, Piper ME, Johnson HM, Fiore MC, Baker TB, Stein JH. Effects of smoking and smoking cessation on lipids and lipoproteins: outcomes from a randomized clinical trial. Am Heart J. 2011;161:145–51.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Jiang R, Schulze MB, Li T, Rifai N, Stampfer MJ, Rimm EB, Hu FB. Non-HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B predict cardiovascular disease events among men with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007;27:1991–7.
Article
Google Scholar
Kalofoutis C, Piperi C, Kalofoutis A, Harris F, Phoenix D, Singh J. Type II diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk factors: current therapeutic approaches. Exp. Clin Cardiol. 2007;12:17–28.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Reaven GM. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes. 1988;37:1595–607.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gerich JE. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with multiple cardiometabolic risk factors. Clin Cornerstone. 2007;8:53–68.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pokharel DR, Khadka D, Sigdel M, Yadav NK, Sapkota LB, Kafle RC, Nepal S, Sapkota RM, Chaudhary N. Estimation of 10-year risk of coronary heart disease in Nepalese patients with type 2 diabetes: Framingham versus United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study. North Am J Med Sci. 2015;7:347–55.
Article
Google Scholar