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  1. Clostridium difficile ribotype 027 has become increasingly prevalent in European countries. The clinical picture varies from self-limiting diarrhea to pseudomembranous colitis with toxic megacolon and ultimately ...

    Authors: Kirstine Kobberøe Søgaard, Tove Ejlertsen and Henrik Carl Schønheyder
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:609
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  2. Heterotrimeric G-proteins, consisting of three subunits Gα, Gβ and Gγ are present in most eukaryotes and mediate signaling in numerous biological processes. In plants, Gγ subunits were shown to provide functio...

    Authors: Yuri Trusov, David Chakravorty and José Ramón Botella
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:608
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Bladder cancer is the seventh most common cancer worldwide and over 90% are transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). At the first time of diagnosis at least 70% of TCC present as superficial bladder cancer. Because ...

    Authors: Donatella Conconi, Elena Panzeri, Serena Redaelli, Giorgio Bovo, Marco Volante, Paolo Viganò, Guido Strada, Leda Dalprà and Angela Bentivegna
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:607
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  5. Investigators conduct survey studies for a variety of reasons. Poor participant response rates are common, however, and may limit the generalizability and utility of results. The objective of this study was to...

    Authors: Melissa J Parker, Asmaa Manan and Sara Urbanski
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:605
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  6. In the big data era, biomedical research continues to generate a large amount of data, and the generated information is often stored in a database and made publicly available. Although combining data from mult...

    Authors: Mizuki Morita, Yoshinobu Igarashi, Maori Ito, Yi-An Chen, Chioko Nagao, Yuki Sakaguchi, Ryuichi Sakate, Tohru Masui and Kenji Mizuguchi
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:604
    Content type: Technical Note Published on:

  7. Clarithromycin (CLR) is the most commonly recommended antibiotic in Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens, but the prevalence of CLR-resistant H. pylori is increasing. CLR resistance is associated with mutatio...

    Authors: Türkan Sakinc, Barbara Baars, Nicole Wüppenhorst, Manfred Kist, Johannes Huebner and Wolfgang Opferkuch
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:603
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Primary hyperaldosteronism (PA) is a serious and potentially debilitating disease. Detailed guidelines have been written to guide endocrinologists in establishing the diagnosis of PA as well as in subtype clas...

    Authors: Brian T Layden, Allison J Hahr and Dina M Elaraj
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:602
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  11. Bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) is a syndrome characterised by thrombocytopenia associated with marked bone marrow destruction in calves, widely reported since 2007 in several European countries and since 2...

    Authors: Eleanor Laming, Eleonora Melzi, Sandra FE Scholes, Maira Connelly, Charlotte R Bell, Keith T Ballingall, Mark P Dagleish, Mara S Rocchi and Kim Willoughby
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:599
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. The high blood lipid levels and obesity are one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, and the atherosclerotic process begins in childhood. Some environmental factors are supposed to be involved...

    Authors: Ana Elisa Madalena Rinaldi, Erick Prado de Oliveira, Fernando Moreto, Gleice Fernanda Costa Pinto Gabriel, José Eduardo Corrente and Roberto Carlos Burini
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:598
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Although the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was reported to be higher in military personnel than the general population in Saudi Arabia (SA), there is lack of studies assessing HBV awareness among them. The o...

    Authors: Majid S Al-Thaqafy, Hanan H Balkhy, Ziad Memish, Yahya M Makhdom, Adel Ibrahim, Abdulfattah Al-Amri and Abdulhakeem Al-Thaqafi
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:597
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Metabolomics is an emerging high-throughput approach to systems biology, but data analysis tools are lacking compared to other systems level disciplines such as transcriptomics and proteomics. Metabolomic data...

    Authors: Ben Ernest, Jessica R Gooding, Shawn R Campagna, Arnold M Saxton and Brynn H Voy
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:596
    Content type: Technical Note Published on:

  15. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the hands and fingers are sometimes locally aggressive; with higher rates of regional metastasis than other cutaneous SCC, although distant metastasis is rare.

    Authors: Kenzo Uchida, Tsuyoshi Miyazaki, Hideaki Nakajima, Kohei Negoro, Daisuke Sugita, Shuji Watanabe, Mitsuo Yoshimura, Hiroshi Itoh and Hisatoshi Baba
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:595
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  18. The implementation of capitated payment has driven medical institutions through developing balance billing for medical services. By exploring the patients’ decision-making factors on different self-pay items, ...

    Authors: Ching-Kuo Wei, Shun-Mu Wang and Jen-Chieh Lin
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:592
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Use of energy drinks has significantly increased in recent times. Besides athletes, teenagers and students are among the most common consumers. However, popularity is also increasing among the younger and olde...

    Authors: Asma Usman and Ambreen Jawaid
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:591
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  20. Cervical squamous intra-epithelial lesions (SIL) are more frequent in HIV-positive women overall. However the appropriate age at which to begin and end cervical cancer screening for early detection of lesions ...

    Authors: Julius Atashili, William C Miller, Jennifer S Smith, Peter M Ndumbe, George M Ikomey, Joseph Eron, Allen C Rinas, Evan Myers and Adaora A Adimora
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:590
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Although allied health is considered to be one 'unit' of healthcare providers, it comprises a range of disciplines which have different training and ways of thinking, and different tasks and methods of patient...

    Authors: Lucylynn M Lizarondo, Karen Grimmer-Somers, Saravana Kumar and Alan Crockett
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:588
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Analyses of coprolites have contributed to the knowledge of diet as well as infectious diseases in ancient populations. Results of paleoparasitological studies showed that prehistoric groups were exposed to sp...

    Authors: Luciana Sianto, Isabel Teixeira-Santos, Marcia Chame, Sergio M Chaves, Sheila M Souza, Luiz Fernando Ferreira, Karl Reinhard and Adauto Araujo
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:586
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  25. Inguinal hernia repair remains the commonest operation performed by general surgeons all over the world. There is paucity of published data on surgical management of inguinal hernias in our environment. This s...

    Authors: Joseph B Mabula and Phillipo L Chalya
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:585
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Ventricular septal rupture (VSR), a mechanical complication following an acute myocardial infarction (MI), is thought to result from coagulation necrosis due to lack of collateral reperfusion. Although the gol...

    Authors: Surinder Dhaliwal, Robin Ducas, Liu Shuangbo, David Horne, John Lee, Farrukh Hussain, Iain DC Kirkpatrick and Davinder S Jassal
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:583
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  28. Accurate interpretation of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) testing is challenging, yet important for patient care. We compared genotyping interpretation, based on the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Databa...

    Authors: Awachana Jiamsakul, Rami Kantor, Patrick CK Li, Sunee Sirivichayakul, Thira Sirisanthana, Pacharee Kantipong, Christopher KC Lee, Adeeba Kamarulzaman, Winai Ratanasuwan, Rossana Ditangco, Thida Singtoroj and Somnuek Sungkanuparph
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:582
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Certain bacteria from the genus Streptomyces are currently used as biological control agents against plant pathogenic fungi. Hydrolytic enzymes that degrade fungal cell wall components, such as chitinases, are su...

    Authors: Wimal Ubhayasekera and Magnus Karlsson
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:581
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  30. Functional annotation of every gene in the mouse genome is a herculean task that requires a multifaceted approach. Many large-scale initiatives are contributing to this undertaking. The International Knockout ...

    Authors: Teresa M Gunn
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:580
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  31. According to the National Health survey only 3% of the population has controlled hypertension. This study was designed to elucidate the knowledge about hypertension in hypertensive patients at three tertiary c...

    Authors: Aysha Almas, Saniya Siraj Godil, Saima Lalani, Zahra Aziz Samani and Aamir Hameed Khan
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:579
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. To describe the long term outcome of patients who interrupted highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) once, identify the variables associated with earlier need to re-start HAART, and the response when the...

    Authors: Carmen Machado, María José Ríos-Villegas, Juan Gálvez-Acebal, Angel Domínguez-Castellano, Felipe Fernández-Cuenca, Virginia Palomo, Miguel Angel Muniain and Jesús Rodríguez-Baño
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:578
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. We present a compendium of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced mouse mutations, identified in our laboratory over a period of 10 years either on the basis of phenotype or whole genome and/or whole exome sequencin...

    Authors: Carrie N Arnold, Michael J Barnes, Michael Berger, Amanda L Blasius, Katharina Brandl, Ben Croker, Karine Crozat, Xin Du, Celine Eidenschenk, Philippe Georgel, Kasper Hoebe, Hua Huang, Zhengfan Jiang, Philippe Krebs, Diantha La Vine, Xiaohong Li…
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:577
    Content type: Data Note Published on:

  34. In developing countries, mothers usually manage diarrhea at home with the pattern of management depending on perceived disease severity and beliefs. The study was carried out with the objective of determining ...

    Authors: Mukhtar Ansari, Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim, Mohamed Azmi Hassali, P Ravi Shankar, Arun Koirala and Noor Jang Thapa
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:576
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Transcription of the cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene is induced by binding of the bioactive form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, to the vitamin D receptor. Significant levels of the protein ...

    Authors: Brian M Dixon, Tyler Barker, Toni McKinnon, John Cuomo, Balz Frei, Niels Borregaard and Adrian F Gombart
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:575
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  36. Recently, various evolution-related journals adopted policies to encourage or require archiving of phylogenetic trees and associated data. Such attention to practices that promote sharing of data reflects rapi...

    Authors: Arlin Stoltzfus, Brian O'Meara, Jamie Whitacre, Ross Mounce, Emily L Gillespie, Sudhir Kumar, Dan F Rosauer and Rutger A Vos
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:574
    Content type: Data Note Published on:

  38. Poor response rates in prevalence surveys can lead to nonresponse bias thereby compromising the validity of prevalence estimates. We conducted a telephone survey of randomly selected households to estimate the...

    Authors: Megan Knoll, Lianne Soller, Moshe Ben-Shoshan, Daniel Harrington, Joey Fragapane, Lawrence Joseph, Sebastien La Vieille, Yvan St-Pierre, Kathi Wilson, Susan Elliott and Ann Clarke
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:572
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  39. Meta-analysis is a statistical method for combining the results of primary studies. It is often used in systematic reviews and is increasingly a method and topic that appears in student dissertations. MetaLigh...

    Authors: James Thomas, Sergio Graziosi, Steve Higgins, Robert Coe, Carole Torgerson and Mark Newman
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:571
    Content type: Technical Note Published on:

  41. Testicular Germ Cell Tumours (TGCT) are the most frequently occurring malignancy in males from 15–45 years of age. They are derived from germ cells unable to undergo physiological maturation, although the gene...

    Authors: Carmela M de Boer, Ronak Eini, Ad M Gillis, Hans Stoop, Leendert HJ Looijenga and Stefan J White
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:569
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  42. Tobacco use is a serious public health challenge in North Africa, and health professionals play a vital role in tobacco control. In Egypt, limited data are available on the knowledge and attitudes of health ca...

    Authors: Ghada Nasr Radwan, Christopher A Loffredo, Rasha Aziz, Nagah Abdel-Aziz and Nargis Labib
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:568
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Interest in cellulose degrading enzymes has increased in recent years due to the expansion of the cellulosic biofuel industry. The rumen is a highly adapted environment for the degradation of cellulose and a p...

    Authors: Xia Gong, Robert J Gruninger, Meng Qi, Lyn Paterson, Robert J Forster, Ron M Teather and Tim A McAllister
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:566
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Malaria and anaemia (Haemoglobin <11 g/dl) remain frequent in tropical regions and are closely associated. Although anaemia aetiologies are known to be multi-factorial, most studies in malaria endemic areas ha...

    Authors: Roger CK Tine, Magatte Ndiaye, Helle Holm Hansson, Cheikh T Ndour, Babacar Faye, Michael Alifrangis, K Sylla, Jean L Ndiaye, Pascal Magnussen, Ib C Bygbjerg and Oumar Gaye
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:565
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is uncommon in the tropics and sub-tropics. We report a case of UC in a 7 year old girl whose parents were both Nigerians. This report is to alert healthcare professionals in sub-Sahara...

    Authors: Idowu O Senbanjo, Kazeem A Oshikoya, Charles A Onyekwere, Fatimah B Abdulkareem and Olisamedua F Njokanma
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:564
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  47. With today’s rapid advances in technology and understanding of disease, more screening and diagnostic tests have become available in a variety of sociodemographic and clinical settings. This analysis quantifie...

    Authors: Tanya GK Bentley, Antonino Catanzaro and Theodore G Ganiats
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:563
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Infections due to nontyphoidal Salmonella have increased worldwide over the last couple of decades. Salmonella enterica serotype Blockley (Salmonella Blockley) infections is associated with chickens and is a rare...

    Authors: Thandubuhle Gonose, Anthony M Smith, Karen H Keddy, Arvinda Sooka, Victoria Howell, Charlene Ann Jacobs, Sumayya Haffejee and Premi Govender
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:562
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  49. Clinical complications appear to be a decisive factor for the prognosis of patients. Diabetes is an important complication of cystic fibrosis(CF). In our study we evaluated the association between the IVS4G>T ...

    Authors: Daniela Tenório Furgeri, Fernando Augusto de Lima Marson, Antonio Fernando Ribeiro and Carmen Silvia Bertuzzo
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:561
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  50. To assess the efficacy, clinical outcomes, visual acuity (VA), incidence of adverse effects, and complications of peripheral iris fixation of 3-piece acrylic IOLs in eyes lacking capsular support. Thirteen pat...

    Authors: Leonardo Garcia-Rojas, Juan Manuel Paulin-Huerta, Eduardo Chavez-Mondragon and Arturo Ramirez-Miranda
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:560
    Content type: Short Report Published on:
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